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Quelles sortes de communautés réunissent les hommes ? Comment sont-elles construites ? Où est l'unité, où est la multiplicité de l'humanité ? Les hommes peuvent former des communautés distinctes, antagonistes, s'opposant violemment. La division externe est-elle nécessaire pour bâtir une cohésion interne ? Rien n'est plus actuel que ces questions. Parmi toutes ces formes de dissensions, les études qui composent ce volume s'intéressent à 'hérésie. L'hérésie se caractérise par sa relativité. Nul ne se revendique hérétique, sinon par provocation. Le qualificatif d'hérétique est toujours subi par celui qui le porte et il est toujours porté sur autrui. Cela rend l'hérésie difficilement saisissable si l'on cherche ce qu'elle est en elle-même. Mais le phénomène apparaît avec davantage de clarté si l'on analyse les discours qui l'utilisent. Se dessinent dès lors les représentations qui habitent les auteurs de discours sur l'hérésie et les hérétiques, discours généralement sous-tendus par une revendication à l'orthodoxie. Hérésie et orthodoxie forment ainsi un couple, désuni mais inséparable. Car du point de vue de l'orthodoxie, l'hérésie est un choix erroné, une déviation, voire une déviance.

Heresy.

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The Handbook of Leaving Religion introduces a neglected field of research with the aim to outline previous and contemporary research, and suggest how the topic of leaving religion should be studied in the future. The handbook consists of three sections: 1) Major debates about leaving religion; 2) Case studies and empirical insights; and 3) Theoretical and methodological approaches. Section one provides the reader with an introduction to key terms, historical developments, major controversies and significant cases. Section two includes case studies that illustrate various processes of leaving religion from different perspectives, and each chapter provides new empirical insights. Section three discusses, presents and encourages new approaches to the study of leaving religion.

Apostasy. --- Conversion. --- Apostasy --- Conversion --- Religious conversion --- Psychology, Religious --- Proselytizing --- Offenses against religion --- Heresy --- Religion --- General

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What was witchcraft? Were witches real? How should witches be identified? How should they be judged? Towards the end of the middle ages these were serious and important questions - and completely new. Between 1430 and 1500, a number of learned 'witch-theorists' attempted to provide the answers to such questions, and of these perhaps the most famous are the Dominican inquisitors Heinrich Institoris and Jacob Sprenger, the authors of the Malleus Maleficarum, or The Hammer of Witches. The Malleus is widely recognised as an important medieval text and is frequently quoted by authors across a wide range of scholarly disciplines. Yet as a source the Malleus presents serious difficulties: it is difficult to understand out of context, and cannot be said to be representative of late medieval learned thinking in general. This, the first book-length study of the original text in English, provides students and scholars with an introduction to this controversial work and to the conceptual world of its authors. Like all witch-theorists, Institoris and Sprenger constructed their witch out of a constellation of pre-existing popular beliefs and learned traditions. Therefore, to understand the Malleus, one must also understand the contemporary and subsequent debates over the reality and nature of witches. Ultimately, this book argues that although the Malleus was a highly idiosyncratic text, with a view of witches very different from that of competing authors, its arguments were powerfully compelling and therefore remained influential long after alternatives were forgotten. Consequently, although focused on a single text, this study has important implications for fifteenth-century witchcraft theory. This is a fascinating work on the Malleus and will be essential to students and academics of late medieval and early modern history, religion and witchcraft studies.

Witchcraft --- History --- Institoris, Heinrich, --- Sprenger, Jakob, --- maleficarum --- witchcraft --- witches --- God --- Heresy --- Superstition

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The Body of the Cross is a study of holy victims in Western Christian history and how the uses of their bodies in Christian thought led to the idea of the cross as a substitutionary sacrifice. Since its first centuries, Christianity has traded on the suffering of victims—martyrs, mystics, and heretics—as substitutes for the Christian social body. These victims secured holiness, either by their own sacred power or by their reprobation and rejection. Just as their bodies were mediated in eucharistic, social, and Christological ways, so too did the flesh of Jesus Christ become one of those holy substitutes. But it was only late in Western history that he took on the function of the exemplary victim.In tracing the story of this embodied development, The Body of the Cross gives special attention to popular spirituality, religious dissent, and the writing of women throughout Christian history. It examines the symbol of the cross as it functions in key moments throughout this history, including the parting of the ways of Judaism and Christianity, the gnostic debates, martyr traditions, and medieval affective devotion and heresy. Finally, in a Reformation era haunted by divine wrath, these themes concentrated in the unique concept that Jesus Christ died on the cross to absorb divine punishment for sin: a holy body and a rejected body in one.

Martyrdom --- Death --- Suffering --- Martyrs --- Martyrdom (Christianity) --- Christian martyrs --- Christianity. --- Christianity --- History. --- Religious aspects --- Christology. --- atonement. --- body. --- cross. --- heresy. --- martyrdom. --- religious violence. --- sacraments. --- saints.

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How should historians read sources which record inquisitorial trials in the Middle Ages? How can we understand the fears felt by those on trial? By analysing six volumes of depositions in the trial of Cathar and Waldensian heretics in Languedoc between the late twelfth and the fourteenth century, in this book, Caterina Bruschi challenges old methodologies in the study of dissent. She examines the intrinsic narratological problems related to the sources and, using approaches from the social sciences, analyses the different fears felt by deponents and how those fears affected their actions and decisions. In so doing, she sheds light on itinerancy within the ecclesial structure of non-conformist movements and contextualises the problem of itinerancy as a benchmark for the definition of heresy. Focusing on the lives and attitudes of trial witnesses, this innovative account is a major contribution to our understanding of the nature of religious non-conformity in the Middle Ages.

Albigenses --- Christian heresies --- Cathares --- Hérésies chrétiennes --- History --- Histoire --- Languedoc (France) --- Church history --- Histoire religieuse --- Heresies, Christian --- History. --- Church history. --- Hérésies chrétiennes --- Albigensians --- Cathari --- Catharists --- Cathars --- Inquisition --- Trials (Heresy) --- Nomads --- Nomadic peoples --- Nomadism --- Pastoral peoples --- Vagabonds --- Wanderers --- Persons --- Herders --- Heresy --- Holy Office --- Autos-da-fé --- Arts and Humanities